The Diary and Letters of Madame D\'Arblay Volume 3

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THE DIARY AND LETTERS
OF
MADAME D'ARBLAY
(FRANCES BURNEY.)

WITH NOTES BY W. C. WARD,
AND PREFACED BY LORD MACAULAY'S ESSAY.

IN THREE VOLUMES.

VOL. III.
(1792-1840.)

WITH A PORTRAIT OF GENERAL D'ARBLAY.

LONDON AND NEW YORK:
FREDERICK WARNE AND CO.
1892.

19. (1792-3) THE FRENCH POLITICAL EMIGRANTS: MISS BURNEY MARRIES
M. D'ARBLAY--11-70

Arrival of French Emigrants at juniper Hall--The Doctor's five
Daughters--A Visit to Arthur Young--The Duke de Liancourt's
abortive Efforts at Rouen--The Duke's Escape to England: "Pot
Portere"--Madame de Genlis's hasty Retreat--A Nobleman of the
Ancien Regime--Ducal Vivacity and Sadness--Graceful offers of
Hospitality--The Emigrants at juniper Hall described--Monsieur
d'Arblay--M. de Jaucourt: Madame de Stael--Severe Decrees against
the Emigrants--Monsieur Girardin--The Phillipses at juniper
Hall--Mystery attending M. de Narbonne's Birth--Revolutionary
Societies in Norfolk: Death of Mr. Francis--Departure of Madame
de la Chatre--Arrival of M. de la Chatre--English Feeling at the
Revolutionary Excesses--Louis XVI's Execution--A Gloomy Club
Meeting--Madame de Stael at juniper Hall--Miss Burney's
Admiration of Madame de Stael--Failing Resources--The Beginning
of the End--"This Enchanting Monsieur d'Arblay"--Talleyrand is
found charming--A Proposed Visit to Madame de Stael disapproved
of--M. de Lally Tolendal and his Tragedy--Contemplated Dispersion
of the French Colony--Madame de Stael's Words of Farewell: M.
d'Arblay--Regrets respecting Madame do Stael--M. d'Arblay's Visit
to Chesington--The Matrimonial Project is Discussed--Dr. Burney's
Objections to the Match--The Marriage takes place--Announcement
of the Marriage to a Friend.

20. (1793-6) LOVE IN A COTTAGE: THE D'ARBLAYS VISIT WINDSOR--
71-121

The French Clergy Fund: The Toulon Expedition--Madame d'Arblay on
her Marriage--Mr. Canning--Talleyrand's Letters of Adieu--M.
d'Arblay's Horticultural Pursuits--Mrs. Piozzi--M. d'Arblay as a
Gardener--A Novel and a Tragedy--

page vi
Hastings's Acquittal: Dr. Burney's Metastasio--Baby d'Arblay--The
withdrawn Tragedy--"Camilla"--An Invitation to the Hermitage--
Presentation of "Camilla" at Windsor--A Conversation with the
Queen--With the Princess Royal and Princess Augusta--A Present
from the King and Queen--Curiosity regarding M. d'Arblay--The
King approves the Dedication of "Camilla"--A delicious Chat with
the Princesses--The King notices M. d'Arblay--The King and Queen
on "Camilla"--Anecdote of the Duchess of York--A Visit to Mrs.
Boscawen--The Relative Success of Madame d'Arblay's Novels--A
Contemplated Cottage--The Princess Royal's first Interview with
her Fianc`e--Opinions of the Reviews on "Camilla"--Death of
Madame d'Arblay's Stepmother--The French Emigr`es at Norbury--Dr.
Burney's depressed state--Covetous of Personal Distinction--Baby
d'Arblay again and other Matters.

21. (1797-8) "CAMILLA" COTTAGE: SUNDRY VISITS TO THE ROYAL
FAMILY--122-169

A Disagreeable journey Home--Burke's Funeral at Beaconsfield--
Death of M. d'Arblay's Brother--From Crewe Hall to Chelsea--At
Dr. Herschel's--Hospitality under Difficulties--War Taxes:
"Camilla" Cottage--Visitors arrive inopportunely-Another Visit to
the Royal Family--Interview with the Queen--The King and his
Infant Grand-daughter--Admiral Duncan's Victory--The Prince and
Princess of Orange--Some Notable Actresses--The Duke of
Clarence--Princess Sophia of Gloucester--Indignation against
Talleyrand--The d'Arblay Maisonnette--Interview with the Queen
and the Princesses--Royal Contributions towards the War--
Invitation to the Play--Mrs Schwellenberg's Successor--Madame
d'Arblay's Little Boy at Court--His Presentation to the Queen--
Mlle. Bachmeister produces a Favourable Impression.

22. (1798-1802) VISITS TO OLD FRIENDS: WEST HANIBLE: DEATH OF
MRS. PHILLIPS: SOJOURN IN FRANCE--170-247

A Visit to Mrs. Chapone--Mrs. Boscawen, Lady Strange, and Mr.
Seward--A Mysterious Bank-Note--The new Brother-in-law: a Cordial
Professor--Precocious Master Alex--The
Page vii

Barbaulds--Princess Amelia at juniper Hall--Death of Mr. Seward--
Dr. Burney again visits Dr. Herschel--Dr. Burney and the King--
Overwhelmed with the Royal Graciousness--War Rumours--Illness and
Death of Mrs. Phillips--A Princess's Condescension--Horticultural
Misfortunes--A Withdrawn Comedy--M. d'Arblay's French Property--
Home Matters--Contemplated journey to France--M. d'Arblay's Rough
Sea Passage--Suggested Abandonment of Camilla Cottage--M.
d'Arblay's Proposed Retirement from Military Service--M.
d'Arblay's Disappointment--On the eve of Madame d'Arblay's
journey to France--In France during the Peace and subsequently--
Arrival at Calais--"God save the King!" on French Soil--A Ramble
through the Town--Sunday on the Road to Paris--Engagements,
Occupations, and Fatigues--Aristocratic Visitors--Anxiety to see
the first Consul--At the Opera-bouffe--Difficulties respecting
Madame de Stael--Madame de Lafayette--Sight-seeing at the
Tuileries--A Good Place is Secured--M. d'Arblay's Military
Comrades--Arrival of the Troops--An Important New Acquaintance--
Madame c'est mon Mari--Advent of the first Consul--The Parade of
Troops--A Scene--With M. d'Arblay's Relatives at joigny--Some
joigny Acquaintances--The Influenza in Paris--Rumours of War--
"Our little Cell at Passy"--The Prince of Wales eulogized--Dr.
Burney at Bath--Affectionate Greetings to Dr. Burney--Dr.
Burney's Diploma.

23. (1812-14) MADAME D'ARBLAY AND HER SON IN ENGLAND--248-291

Narrative of Madame d'Arblay's journey to London--Anxiety to see
Father and Friends--A Mild Minister of Police--Embarkation
Interdicted--A Change of Plan--A New Passport obtained--
Commissions for London--Delay at Dunkirk--The MS. of "The
Wanderer"--Spanish Prisoners at Dunkirk--Surprised by an Officer
of Police--Interrogated at the Police Office--The "Mary Ann"
captured off Deal--joy on arriving in England--Young d'Arblay
secures a Scholarship--The Queen alarmed by a Mad Woman--Weather
Complaints: Proposed Meeting with Lord Lansdowne--A Young Girl's
entry to London Society: Madame de Sta`el--Rogers the Poet--
Interview with Mr. Wilberforce--Intended Publication of "The
Wanderer"--General d'Arblay's wounded Comrades
Page viii

--Death of Dr. Burney--Favourable News of M. d'Arblay--"The
Wanderer"--Madame d'Arblay's Presentation to Louis XVIII.--At
Grillon's Hotel--Grattan the Orator--A Demonstrative Irish Lady-
-Inquiries after the Duchess d'Angouleme--Preparations for the
Presentations--Arrival of Louis XVIII.--The Presentations to the
King--A Flattering Royal Reception--An important Letter Delayed--
M. d'Arblay arrives in England--A Brilliant Assemblage--M.
d'Arblay enters Louis XVIII.'s Bodyguard.

24. (1815) MADAME D'ARBLAY AGAIN IN FRANCE: BONAPARTE'S ESCAPE
FROM ELBA--292-333

An Interview with the Duchess of Angouleme--Arrival at the
Tuileries--A Mis-apprehension--A Discovery and a Rectification--
Conversation on Madame d'Arblay's Escape and M. d'Arblay's
Loyalty--The Prince Regent the Duchess's Favourite--Narrative of
Madame d'Arblay's Flight from Paris to Brussels--Prevailing
Inertia on Bonaparte's return from Elba--Bonaparte's Advance:
Contemplated Migration from Paris--General d'Arblay's Military
Preparations--Preparations for Flight:
Leave-takings--Aristocratic Irritability--The Countess d'Auch's
Composure--Rumours of Bonaparte's near approach--Departure from
Paris at Night Time--A Halt at Le Bourget--The journey Resumed--A
Supper at Amiens with the Prefect--Reception at the Prefecture at
Arras--A Cheerful D6jeuner somewhat ruffled--A Loyal Prefect--
Emblems of Loyalty at Douay--State of Uncertainty at Orchies--A
Mishap on the Road--A kindly offer of Shelter--Alarmed by Polish
Lancers--Arrival at Tournay--Futile Efforts to Communicate with
M. d'Arblay--Interviews with M. de Chateaubriand.

25. (1815) AT BRUSSELS: WATERLOO: REJOINS M. D'ARBLAY--334--383

Sojourn at Brussels--Letters from General d'Arblay--Arrival of
General d'Arblay--A Mission entrusted to General d'Arblay--"Rule
Britannia!" in the All`ee Verte--General d'Arblay leaves for
Luxembourg--An Exchange of visits--The Fete Dieu--The Eccentric
Lady Caroline Lamb--A Proposed Royal Corps--Painful Suspense--
Inquietude at Brussels--The Black
Page ix

Brunswickers--The Opening of the Campaign--News from the Field of
Battle--Project for quitting Brussels--Calmly awaiting the
Result--Flight to Antwerp determined on--A Check met with--A
Captured French General--The Dearth of News--Rumours of the
French coming--French Prisoners brought in--News of Waterloo--The
Victory declared to be complete--The Wounded and the Prisoners--
Hostilities at an end: Te Deum for the Victory--Maternal Advice--
About the Great Battle--An Accident befalls General d'Arblay--
Madame d'Arblay's Difficulties in rejoining her Husband--A
Friendly Reception at Cologne--From Cologne to Coblenz and
Treves--Meeting with General d'Arblay--Waiting for Leave to
return to France--Departure for Paris--A Chance View of the
Emperor of Russia--English Troops in Occupation--Leavetaking: M.
de Talleyrand.

26. (1815-8) AT BATH AND ILFRACOMBE: GENERAL D'ARBLAY'S ILLNESS
AND DEATH--384--431

Arrival in England--Alexander d'Arblay: Some old Bath Friends--
French Affairs: General d'Arblay's Health--The Escape of
Lavalette: The Streatham Portraits--Regarding Husband and Son--
Maternal Anxieties--Advantages of Bath: Young d'Arblay's Degree--
Playful Reproaches and Sober Counsel--Preparations for leaving
Bath--Installed at Ilfracombe--A Captured Spanish Ship--The
Spanish Captain's Cook--Ships in Distress--Young d'Arblay's
Tutor--General d'Arblay's Ill-health--Particulars of Ilfracombe--
Young d'Arblay's Aversion to Study--A Visit from the first Chess
Player in England--A Coast Ramble in search of Curiosities--
Caught, by the Rising Tide--Efforts to reach a place of safety--A
Signal of Distress--Little Diane--Increasing Danger--The Last
Wave of the Rising Tide--Arrival of Succour--Meeting between
Mother and Son--General d'Arblay's return to England--The
Princess Charlotte's Death--The Queen and Princesses at Bath--
News arrives of the Princess Charlotte's Death--An old
Acquaintance: Serious Illness of General d'Arblay--The General's
First Attack: Delusive Hopes--General d'Arblay presented to the
Queen--Gloomy Forebodings--Presents from the Queen and Princess
Elizabeth--The General receives the Visit of a Priest--The Last
Sacrament Administered--Farewell Words of Counsel--The End
Arrives.
Page x

27. (1818-40) YEARS OF WIDOWHOOD: DEATH OF MADAME D'ARBLAY'S SON:
HER OWN DEATH--435--458

Mournful Reflections--Visits received and Letters penned--Removal
from Bath to London--Death of the Queen: Sketch of her Character-
-Madame d'Arblay's Son is Ordained--With some Royal Highnesses--
Queen Caroline--Gossip from an Old Friend, and the Reply--More
Gossip--Ill-health of the Rev. A. d'Arblay: Dr. Burney's MSS.--A
last Gossiping Letter--Death of Mrs. Piozzi--Mrs. Piozzi compared
with Madame de Stael--Sister Hetty--Official Duties Temporarily
Resumed--The Rev. A. d'Arblay named Lent Preacher--Madame
d'Arblay's Health and Occupation--Destroyed Correspondence--The
Princess and the Rev. A. d'Arblay--A Visit from Sir Walter
Scott--Memoirs of Dr. Burney--Deaths of Hester Burney and Mrs.
Locke--Death of the Rev. A. d'Arblay--Death of Madame d'Arblay's
sister Charlotte--Illness and Death of Madame d'Arblay.

INDEX--459-480Page 11
SECTION 19.
(1792-3)

THE FRENCH POLITICAL EMIGRANTS:
MISS BURNEY MARRIES M. D'ARBLAY.

[The following section must be pronounced, from the historical
point of view, one of the most valuable in the " Diary." It gives
us authentic glimpses of some of the actors in that great
Revolution, "the Death-Birth of a new order," which was getting
itself transacted, with such terrible accompaniments, across the
channel. The refugees with whom Fanny grew acquainted, and who
formed the little colony at juniper Hall, near Dorking, were not
the men of the first emigration--princes and nobles who fled
their country, like cowards, as soon as they found themselves in
danger, and reentered it like traitors, in the van of a foreign
invasion. Not such were the inmates of Juniper Hall. These were
constitutional monarchists, men who had taken part with the
people in the early stage of the Revolution, who had been
instrumental in making the Constitution, and who had sought
safety in flight only when the Constitution was crushed and the
monarchy abolished by the triumph of the extreme party. To the
grands seigneurs of the first emigration, these constitutional
royalists, were scarcely less detestable than the jacobins
themselves.

A few leading facts and dates will perhaps assist the reader to a
clearer understanding of the situation. September 1791, the
French Assembly, having finished its work of Constitution-making,
and the said [Constitution being accepted by the king, retires
gracefully, and the new Assembly, constitutionally elected,
meets, October 1. But the Constitution, ushered in with such
rejoicings, proves a failure. The king has the right to veto the
acts of the Assembly, and he exerts that right with a vengeance
:--vetoes their most urgent decrees: decree against the emigrant
noblesse, plotting, there at Coblenz, the downfall of their
country; decree against nonjuring priests, intriguing endlessly
against the Constitution. Patriot-Minister Roland remonstrates
with his majesty, and the patriotic ministry is forthwith
dismissed. Meanwhile distress and

Page 12

disorder are everywhere, and emigration is on the increase
Abroad, Austria and Prussia are threatening invasion, and the
emigrants at Coblenz are clamorous for war. War with Austria is
declared, April 20, 1792; war with Prussia follows three months
later; England remaining still neutral. One of our friends of
juniper Hall, Madame de Staél's friend, Count Louis de Narbonne,
has been constitutional minister of war, but had to retire in
March, when the popular ministry--Roland's--came into office. It
is evident that the king and the Assembly cannot act together;
nay, the king himself feels the impossibility of it, and is
already setting his hopes on foreign interference, secretly
corresponding with Austria and Prussia. The people of Paris,
too, feel the impossibility, and are setting their hopes on
something very different. The monarchy must go; jacobins'
club(1) and men of the Gironde, afterwards at death- grapple with
one another, are now united on this point; they, and not a
constitutional government, are the true representatives of Paris
and of France.

A year ago, July 1791, the people of Paris, demanding the
deposition of the king, were dispersed by General Lafayette with
volleys of musketry. But Lafayette's popularity and power are
now gone. "The hero of two worlds," as he was called, was little
more than a boy when he fought under Washington, in the cause of
American independence. Animated by the same love of liberty
which had carried him to America, Lafayette took part in the
early movements of the French Revolution. In 1789, after the
fall of the Bastille, he was commander of the national guard, and
one of the most popular men in France. A high-minded man, full
of sincerity, of enthusiasm: "Cromwell Grandison," Mirabeau
nicknamed him. Devoted to the Constitution, Lafayette was no
friend to the extreme party, to the jacobins, with their Danton,
their Robespierre. He had striven for liberty, but for liberty
and monarchy combined; and the two things were fast becoming
irreconcilable. And now, in July 1792, distrusted alike by the
Court and the people, Lafayette sits sad at Sedan, in the midst
of his army. War has already commenced, with a desultory and
unsuccessful attack by the French upon the Austrian Netherlands.
But the real struggle is now approaching. Heralded by an insolent
proclamation, the Duke of Brunswick is marching from Coblenz with
more than a hundred thousand Prussians, Austrians, and emigrants
; and General Lafayette, alas ! appears more bent upon denouncing
jacobinism than upon defending the frontier.

The country is indeed in danger. With open hostility advancing
from without, doubt and suspicion fermenting within, Paris at
last rises in good earnest, August 10, 1792. This is the answer
to Brunswick's insolent proclamation. Paris attacks the
Tuileries, King Louis and his family taking refuge in the
Assembly; captures the Tuileries, not without terrible loss, the
brave Swiss guard

Page 13

standing steadfast to their posts, and getting, the greater part
of them, massacred. Yielding to the demands of the people, the
Assembly passes decrees suspending the king, dismissing the
ministers, and convoking a National Convention. This was the
work of the famous 10th of August, the birthday of the French
Republic. on the 13th August the royal family is sent to the
prison of the Temple from whence the king and the queen, unhappy
Marie Antoinette, will come forth only to trial and execution. A
new patriotic ministry is formed--Rolan again minister of the
interior, Danton, the soul of the insurrection, minister of
justice; a tribunal is appointed) and the prisons of Paris are
filled with persons suspect. Executions follow; but the tribunal
makes not quick enough work. Austrians and Prussians are
advancing towards Paris; in Paris itself thousands of
aristocrats, enemies to their country, are lying hid, ready to
join the foreign foes.

In these desperate straits, Paris, at least sansculotte Paris,
frenzied and wild for vengeance, falls upon the mad expedient of
massacring the prisoners: more than a thousand suspected
royalists are slaughtered, after brief improvised Trial or
pretence of trial; or even without trial at all. This butchery
is known as the "September massacres" (Sept. 2-6, 1792), infamous
in history, heartily approved by few, perhaps, even of the more
violent Republicans; indignantly denounced by Rowland and the
less violent, powerless, nevertheless, to interfere, Paris being
"in death-panic, the enemy and gibbets at its door."(2) Sept.
22, the Legislative Assembly having
Dissolved, the National Convention holds its first meeting and
proclaims the Republic: royalty for ever abolished in France.

Among the feelings, with which the news of these events are
received in England, horror predominates. Still the Government
takes no decisive step. The English ambassador in Paris, Lord
Gower, is indeed recalled, in consequence of the events of August
10, but the French ambassador, Chauvelin, yet remains in London,
although unrecognised in an official capacity after the
deposition of Louis. War is in the wind, and, although Fox and
many members of the opposition earnestly deprecate any hostile
interference in the affairs of the Republic, a strong contingent
of the Whig party, headed by Burke, is not less earnest in their
efforts to make peace with France impossible. Pitt, indeed, is in
favour of neutrality, but Pitt is forced to give way at last.
Meanwhile, the popular feeling in favour of the royalists is
being heightened and extended by the constant influx of French
refugees. Thousands of the recalcitrant clergy, especially, with
no king's veto now to protect them, are seeking safety, in
England. Many adherents of the Constitution, too, ex-members of
the Assembly and others, are fleeing hither from a country
intolerant of monarchists, even constitutional; establishing
themselves at juniper Hall and elsewhere. Among them we note the
Duke de Liancourt, whose escape the
reader will find related in the following pages; Count de Lally-

Page 14

Tollendal and M. de jaucourt, saved, both, by - good fortune,
from the September massacres ; Vicomte de Montmorency, or call
him citoyen, who voted for the abolition of titles; ex-minister
of war Narbonne, concealed after August 10 by Madame de Stael,
and escaping disguised as a servant; and presently, too, Madame
de Stael herself; and last, but not least interesting to readers
of the Diary, General Alexandre dArblay, whom Fanny will before
long fall in love with and marry.
One person, too, there is, more noteworthy, or at least more
prominent in history, than any of these, whom Fanny meets at
Mickleham, whom she dislikes instinctively at first sight, but
whose plausible speech and ingratiating manners soon make a
convert of her.

This is citizen Talleyrand--Charles Maurice de
Talleyrand-P‚rigord, Bishop of Autun. He, too, is now an
emigrant, although he came to England in a far different
character, as secret ambassador from the Constitutional
Government of France ; citizen Chauvelin being the nominal
ambassador. On the whole, Talleyrand's diplomacy has not been
productive of much good, to himself or others. Back in Paris
before the 10th of August, he returned to London in September
with a passport from Danton. A questionable man; some think him a
jacobin, others a royalist in disguise. And now, while he is in
London, there is talk of him in the Convention : citizen
Talleyrand, it seems, has professed himself " disposed to serve
the king ;" whereupon (December 5, 1792) citizen Talleyrand is
decreed accused, and his name is inscribed on the list of
emigrants.

We must turn once again to France. At Sedan, in a white heat of
indignation on the news of that 10th of August, constitutional
(sic) Lafayette emits a proclamation : the Constitution is
destroyed, the king a prisoner: let us march for Paris and
restore them! There is hope at first, that the army will follow
Lafayette, but hope tells a flattering tale : the soldiers, it
seems, care more for their country than for the Constitution.
Lafayette sees that all is lost ; rides (August 18) for Holland
with a few friends, of whom General d'Arblay is one; intends to
take passage thence for America, but falls, instead, into the
hands of the Austrians, and spends the next few years imprisoned
in an Austrian fortress. General d'Arblay, after a few days, is
allowed to proceed to England.

Lafayette gone, the command of the army falls to General
Dumouriez. Brunswick with his Prussians and emigrants, Clairfait
with his Austrians, are now in France; advancing upon Paris. They
take Longwy and Verdun; try to take Thonville and Lille, but
cannot; and find Dumouriez and his sansculottes, there in the
passes of Argonne, the "Thermopylae of France," an unexpectedly
hard nut to crack. In fact, the nut is not to be cracked at all:
Dumouriez, " more successful than Leonidas," flings back the
invasion; compels the invaders to evacuate France; and in
November, assuming the offensive, conquers the whole Austrian
Netherlands. Meantime, in the south-east, the war in

Page 15

which the Republic is engaged with the King of Sardinia
progresses also favourably, and Savoy and Nice are added to the
French territory. Europe may arm, but a people fighting for an
ideal is not to be crushed. France has faith in her ideal of
liberty and fraternity, questionable or worse though some of the
methods are by which she endeavours to realise it. But Danton is
right: "il nous faut de l'audace, et encore de l'audace, et
toujours de l'audace;" and with superb audacity the Republic
defies the armed powers of Europe, decrees (November 19)
assistance to every nation that will strike a blow for freedom,
and cast off its tyrants. A yet more daring act of defiance
follows--tragic to all men, unspeakably horrible to Fanny Burney
and all friends of monarchy, constitutional or other. In December
1792, poor King Louis is tried before the National Convention,
found guilty of "conspiring against liberty;" condemned to death
by a majority of votes; in January, executed January 21. It is
even as Danton said in one of his all-too gigantic figures 'the
coalesced kings threaten us; we hurl at their feet, as gage of
battle, the Head of a King."' (3)
Louis's kinsman, profligate Philippe Egalit‚, ci-devant Duc
d'Orl‚ans, votes for death; before another year has passed he
himself will have perished by the guillotine. In England, war is
resolved upon; even Pitt sees not how it can be avoided. January
24, ambassador Chauvelin is ordered to quit England within eight
days; Talleyrand remaining yet another year. Spain, too, is
arming, and Holland is England's ally. War being inevitable, the
Republic determines to be first in the field; declares war on
England and Holland, February 1, 1793, and on Spain, March
7.-ED.]

ARRIVAL OF FRENCH EMIGRANTS AT JUNIPER HALL.

August 1792. Our ambassador is recalled from France
Russia has declared war against that wretched kingdom. But it may
defy all outward enemies to prove in any degree destructive in
comparison with its lawless and barbarous inmates. We shall soon
have no authentic accounts from Paris, as no English are expected
to remain after the ambassador, and no French will dare to write,
in such times of pillage, what may carry them à la lanterne.(4)