De Bello Catilinario et Jugurthino

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[212] We here enter the year B.C. 110.
[213] _Urgueat_, 'presses Jugurtha;' that is, he is hindered by the
indignation on account of his past crimes, and at the same time by
the apprehension with which the Roman people regard him.
[214] He would like best that it should be done in secret; but if this
should not succeed, he would like it to be done in any way, whatever
it might be. Instead of _maxime_, the author might have said
_potissimum_. See the same expression chap. 46.
[215] _Profiteri indicium_, 'to declare that you will state everything.'
We must understand that in the defective administration of justice
at Rome, the _index_ (informer) received a promise of impunity.
[216] _Manifestus_, with the genitive of the crime, is a person _qui mani
festo tenetur_, or against whom there is most decisive evidence.
[217] _Animum adverto_, the same as the compound _animadverto_, like
_venum eo_ for _veneo_.
[218] Jugurtha had given fifty sureties in the name of Bomilcar, in order
that he might remain at liberty. These sureties were of course fifty
Roman citizens. As Bomilcar fled, those sureties had to pay the money
with which each guaranteed his appearance, and there can be no doubt
but that Jugurtha secretly paid the money.
[219] _Paucis diebus._ See Zumpt, S 480.

36. Interim Albinus renovato bello commeatum, stipendium aliaque, quae
militibus usui forent, maturat in Africam portare; ac statim ipse
profectus, uti ante comitia, quod tempus[220] haud longe aberat, armis
aut deditione aut quovis modo bellum conficeret. At contra Jugurtha
trahere omnia et alias deinde alias morae causas facere, polliceri
deditionem, ac deinde metum simulare, cedere instanti et paulo post, ne
sui diffiderent, instare; ita belli modo, modo pacis mora consulem
ludificare.[221] Ac fuere, qui tum Albinum haud ignarum consilii regis
existimarent, neque ex tanta properantia tam facile tractum bellum
socordia magis quam dolo crederent.[222] Sed postquam dilapso tempore
comitiorum dies adventabat, Albinus, Aulo fratre in castris pro praetore
relicto Romam decessit.

[220] This season was usually the middle of the year, but was frequently
delayed until the autumn. The consul Albinus seems to have been
commissioned to preside at the elections, because his colleague, who
had obtained Macedonia, was at a still greater distance.
[221] Jugurtha protracted the war, delayed the negotiations for peace,
and in this manner thwarted the consul. We have here restored the
active form _ludificare_, because it exists in all the manuscripts.
It is found also in Cicero, though the deponent _ludificari_ is more
frequent.
[222] Some were convinced that after the hurry which the consul had
shown at the beginning, the war was protracted, not so much by his
carelessness, as by his cunning designs. _Non magis quam_ is
expressed in modern languages as if the Latin were _dolo magis quam
socordia_: 'they believed that the war was protracted by his cunning
designs rather than by his carelessness.' See Zumpt, S 725.

37. Ea tempestate Romae seditionibus tribuniciis atrociter res publica
agitabatur. P. Lucullus et L. Annius, tribuni plebis, resistentibus
collegis, continuare magistratum[223] nitebantur, quae dissensio totius
anni comitia impediebat. Ea mora in spem adductus Aulus, quem pro
praetore in castris relictum supra diximus, aut conficiundi belli aut
terrore exercitus ab rege pecuniae capiundae, milites mense Januario ex
hibernis in expeditionem evocat, magnisque itineribus, hieme aspera,
pervenit ad oppidum Suthul, ubi regis thesauri erant. Quod quamquam et
saevitia temporis et opportunitate loci neque capi neque obsideri poterat
(nam circum murum situm in praerupti montis extremo planities limosa
hiemalibus aquis paludem fecerat[224]), tamen aut simulandi gratia, quo
regi formidinem adderet, aut cupidine caecus ob thesauros oppidi
potiundi, vineas agere, aggerem jacere, aliaque, quae incepto usui
forent, properare.

[223] _Continuare magistratum_, 'to continue for another year in a
magistracy which has been given for only one year.' In the case of
some magistracies this was forbidden by law; in that of tribunes of
the people, it occurs rather frequently in the early times, that they
were re-elected twice or oftener in successive years. The last in
stance of a tribuneship lasting for two years is that of G. Gracchus,
in B.C. 123 and 122; and even then this re-election was the cause of
violent commotions, and it was impossible to carry it for the third
year.
[224] Around the wall, which had been built on the extreme edge of a
precipitous rock, the clayey soil had formed a marsh. Respecting
_extremum_ used substantively, see Zumpt, S 435.

38. At Jugurtha, cognita vanitate atque imperitia legati, subdolus ejus
augere amentiam, missitare[225] supplicantes legatos, ipse quasi
vitabundus per saltuosa loca et tramites exercitum ductare. Denique Aulum
spe pactionis perpulit, uti relicto Suthule in abditas regiones sese
veluti cedentem insequeretur; 'ita delicta occultiora fore.' Interea per
homines callidos die noctuque exercitum temptabat; centuriones ducesque
turmarum partim uti transfugerent corrumpere, alii signo dato locum uti
desererent.[226] Quae postquam ex sententia instruit, intempesta nocte de
improviso multitudine Numidarum Auli castra circumvenit. Milites Romani,
perculsi tumultu insolito, arma capere alii, alii se abdere, pars
territos confirmare, trepidare[227] omnibus locis; vis magna hostium,
coelum nocte atque nubibus obscuratum, periculum anceps,[228] postremo
fugere an manere tutius foret, in incerto erat. Sed ex eo numero, quos
paulo ante corruptos diximus, cohors una Ligurum cum duabus turmis
Thracum et paucis gregariis militibus transiere ad regem,[229] et
centurio primi pili[230] tertiae legionis per munitionem, quam uti
defenderet acceperat, locum hostibus introeundi dedit, eaque Numidae
cuncti irrupere. Nostri foeda fuga, plerique abjectis armis, proximum
collem occupavere. Nox atque praeda castrorum hostes, quo minus victoria
uterentur, remorata sunt. Deinde Jugurtha postero die cum Aulo in
colloquio verba facit: 'tametsi ipsum cum exercitu fame et ferro clausum
tenet,[231] tamen se memorem humanarum rerum, si secum foedus faceret,
incolumes omnes sub jugum missurum,[232] praeterea uti diebus decem
Numidia decederet.' Quae quamquam gravia et flagitii plena erant, tamen,
quia mortis metu mutabantur,[233] sicuti regi libuerat, pax convenit.

[225] Respecting the frequentatives _ductare_ and _missitare_, which last
is a secondary derivative from _mittere_ (as _currere, cursare,
cursitare_), see Zumpt, S 231; and about _vitabundus_, S 248.
[226] The usual arrangement of the words would be: _corrumpere, ut alii
(partim) transfugerent, alii--desererent_. The _ut_ is here repeated
in the second clause, which is rather unusual.
[227] _Trepidare_, in its proper sense, is, 'to run about with fear and
trembling.'
[228] _Anceps_, 'twofold,' on the part of the enemy and of that of
nature.
[229] The author here distinguishes the infantry (_cohors_) and cavalry
(_turma_) of the auxiliaries, and the common soldiers from the Roman
legions.
[230] The _primus pilus_ in a Roman legion is the first company
(_manipulus_) of the third class of legionaries, who were called
_pilani_ or _triarii_, and were employed in battle as a reserve,
while the two other classes of legionaries, the _hastati_ and
_principes_, began the engagement. A legion thus contained ten
maniples of every class; that is, altogether thirty maniples, each of
which consisted of two _centuriae_, and each _centuria_ was commanded
by a _centurio_. Out of these sixty centurions of a legion, the two
commanding the _primus pilus_ (they themselves also were called, like
their companies, _primi pili_) were the first in rank, and again the
_ductor prioris centuriae primi pili_ was the principal centurion in
a legion. The treachery of such an officer, therefore, is the more
surprising. To the pronoun _ea_ supply _via_; _ea_, with this
ellipsis, is used as an adverb in the sense of 'there.' See Zumpt,
S 207, 288.
[231] In accordance with the rules on the oratio obliqua, Sallust ought
to have written _teneat_.
[232] A _jugum_ was formed by two lances fixed in the ground, and a
third fastened across them so as to form a gate. When an army
confessed itself to be conquered, and after capitulating, was allowed
to depart, the troops had to march under a yoke of this description.
[233] Literally: 'because the disgrace was exchanged for the fear of
death;' that is, by enduring it, they became free from the fear of
death.

39. Sed ubi ea Romae comperta sunt, metus atque maeror civitatem
invasere. Pars dolere pro gloria imperii, pars insolita rerum bellicarum
timere libertati,[234] Aulo omnes infesti, ac maxime, qui bello saepe
praeclari fuerant, quod armatus dedecore potius quam manu salutem
quaesiverat. Ob ea consul Albinus ex delicto fratris invidiam ac deinde
periculum timens, senatum de foedere consulebat, et tamen interim
exercitui supplementum scribere, ab sociis et nomine Latino[235] auxilia
accersere, denique omnibus modis festinare. Senatus ita, uti par fuerat,
decernit, suo atque populi injussu nullum potuisse foedus fieri. Consul
impeditus a tribunis plebis, ne, quas paraverat copias, secum portaret,
paucis diebus in Africam proficiscitur; nam omnis exercitus, uti
convenerat, Numidia deductus, in provincia hiemabat. Postquam eo venit,
quamquam persequi Jugurtham et mederi fraternae invidiae animo ardebat,
cognitis militibus, quos praeter fugam, soluto imperio, licentia atque
lascivia corruperat, ex copia rerum[236] statuit sibi nihil agitandum.

[234] _Dolere pro gloria_, 'to be grieved for reputation;' that is, as
they were interested in the glory of their country, they were grieved
at the disgrace (_dedecore_ or _propter dedecus_) they had suffered.
_Timere libertati_, 'to be afraid of losing one's freedom,' it
appearing to be in danger. See Zumpt, S 414.
[235] _Nomen Latinum_ is the same as _socii Latini_, or _Latini_ alone.
The expression properly signifies those who are called Latins; for
this class of people comprised not only those who really belonged to
the nation of the Latins--such as the inhabitants of the ancient
Latin towns of Tibur and Praeneste--but those also whose towns
subsequently received the same privileges. The latter were termed
coloniae Latinae--such as Alba in the country of the Marsians,
Beneventum in Samnium, Cremona and Placentia on the Po.
[236] _Ex copia rerum_, 'according to his present resources,' 'according
to the state of affairs.'

40. Interim Romae C. Mamilius Limetanus tribunus plebis rogationem ad
populum promulgat, uti quaereretur in eos, quorum consilio Jugurtha
senati decreta neglexisset,[237] quique ab eo in legationibus aut
imperiis pecunias accepissent, qui elephantos quique perfugas
tradidissent, item qui de pace aut bello cum hostibus pactiones
fecissent. Huic rogationi partim conscii sibi, alii ex partium invidia
pericula metuentes, quoniam aperte resistere non poterant, quin illa et
alia talia placere sibi faterentur,[238] occulte per amicos ac maxime per
homines nominis Latini et socios Italicos impedimenta parabant. Sed
plebes incredibile memoratu est, quam intenta fuerit quantaque vi
rogationem jusserit, decreverit, voluerit: magis odio nobilitatis, cui
mala illa parabantur, quam cura rei publicae; tanta libido in partibus
erat. Igitur ceteris metu perculsis, M. Scaurus, quem legatum Bestiae
fuisse supra docuimus, inter laetitiam plebis et suorum fugam, trepida
etiamtum civitate quum ex Mamili regatione tres quaesitores rogarentur,
effecerat, uti ipse in eo numero crearetur.[239] Sed quaestio exercita
aspere violenterque ex[240] rumore et libidine plebis; ut saepe
nobilitatem, sic ea tempestate plebem ex secundis rebus insolentia
ceperat.

[237] In a few manuscripts we read _neglegisset_, respecting which see
Zumpt, S 195.
[238] _Quin faterentur_, 'without confessing.' See Zumpt, S 539.
[239] M. Scaurus, who, as Sallust stated before, was himself bribed
by Jugurtha, had availed himself of the time when the people were
rejoicing at his victory, when the city was still under apprehensions
respecting the war, and when many other nobles, from a consciousness
of guilt, kept back; and there can be no doubt that, through the
influence of his friends, he contrived to be himself elected one of
the commissioners who had to institute inquiries about these
briberies, and thus escaped being tried himself.
[240] _Ex_ here signifies 'with respect to.' The people after this
victory were insolent, so that the commissioners yielded to the
wishes of the multitude.

41. Ceterum mos partium popularium et senatus factionum,[241] ac deinde
omnium malarum artium paucis ante annis Romae ortus est otio atque
abundantia earum rerum, quae prima mortales ducunt.[242] Nam ante
Carthaginem deletam populus et senatus Romanus placide modesteque inter
se rem publicam tractabant, neque gloriae neque dominationis certamen
inter cives erat; metus hostilis in bonis artibus civitatem retinebat.
Sed ubi illa formido mentibus decessit, scilicet[243] ea, quae res
secundae amant, lascivia atque superbia incessere. Ita, quod in adversis
rebus optaverant otium, postquam adepti sunt, asperius acerbiusque fuit.
Namque coepere nobilitas dignitatem, populus libertatem in libidinem
vertere, sibi quisque ducere, trahere, rapere. Ita omnia in duas partes
abstracta sunt, res publica, quae media fuerat, dilacerata. Ceterum
nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa in
multitudine minus poterat. Paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,
penes eosdem aerarium, provinciae, magistratus, gloriae triumphique
erant; populus militia atque inopia urguebatur; praedas bellicas
imperatores cum paucis diripiebant; interea parentes aut parvi liberi
militum, uti quisque potentiori confinis erat, sedibus pellebantur.[244]
Ita cum potentia avaritia sine modo modestiaque invadere, polluere et
vastare omnia, nihil pensi neque sancti habere, quoad semet ipsa
praecipitavit. Nam ubi primum ex nobilitate reperti sunt, qui veram
gloriam injustae potentiae anteponerent, moveri civitas et dissensio
civilis quasi permixtio terrae[245] oriri coepit.

[241] 'The custom of (forming) parties among the people, and of factions
in the senate;' the people are divided into _partes_, the senate
into _factiones_; the latter evidently implies intriguing
combinations.
[242] 'From the abundance of those things which mortals deem of the
first importance.' _Prima_ is used substantively, and with it the
relative pronoun (_quae_) agrees. Sallust might have said
_quas--primas_.
[243] _Scilicet_, 'naturally,' is used here as an adverb. See Zumpt,
S 271.
[244] The annexation of small free farms to the adjoining large estates,
is described by all the ancient authors as the cause of the great
misery of the Roman state, and, as Sallust remarks, it was
facilitated by the absence of many of the free citizens who were
serving in the armies; for their fathers or children, who were left
behind, were easily induced to sell their small farm to a wealthy and
powerful neighbour. For force was certainly not always applied, and
_pellere_ here signifies 'to displace,' rather than 'to expel.' The
large estates thus formed were called _latifundia_.
[245] _Permixtio terrae_ is said figuratively, as is indicated by
_quasi_, 'a chaos--a mixture of elements.'

42. Nam postquam Tiberius et G. Gracchus, quorum majores Punico atque
aliis bellis multum rei publicae addiderant, vindicare plebem in
libertatem et paucorum scelera patefacere coepere, nobilitas noxia atque
eo perculsa, modo per socios ac nomen Latinum, interdum per equites
Romanos, quos spes societatis a plebe dimoverat, Gracchorum actionibus
obviam ierat, et primo Tiberium, dein paucos post annos eadem
ingredientem Gaium, tribunum alterum, alterum triumvirum coloniis
deducendis, cum M. Fulvio Flacco ferro necaverat.[246] Et sane Gracchis
cupidine victoriae haud satis moderatus animus fuit: sed bono vinci
satius est quam malo more injuriam vincere.[247] Igitur ea victoria
nobilitas ex libidine sua usa multos mortales ferro aut fuga extinxit,
plusque in reliquum sibi timoris quam potentiae addidit. Quae res
plerumque magnas civitates pessumdedit, dum alteri alteros vincere quovis
modo et victos acerbius[248] ulcisci volunt. Sed de studiis partium et
omnis civitatis moribus si singulatim aut pro magnitudine parem
disserere, tempus quam res maturius me deseret.[249] Quamobrem ad
inceptum redeo.

[246] Tib. Gracchus was slain in B.C. 133, and his brother, G. Gracchus,
in B.C. 121. Sallust here states that the faction of the optimates
threw obstacles in the way of the two brothers, sometimes by means of
the _socii_ (in Italy), and sometimes by means of the Roman equites,
who had been drawn into the senate by the popular party. This
refers, in the first place, to the opposition made, through the
instrumentality of the Latins, to the scheme of the Gracchi to
settle poor Roman citizens in Latin colonies; and secondly, to the
ingratitude of the equites, to whom G. Gracchus had transferred
the administration of justice, after having taken it from the senate.
Respecting _modo--interdum_, instead of _modo--modo_, see Zumpt,
S 723.
[247] Sallust admits that the Gracchi went somewhat too far, but blames
the violence with which the faction of the optimates took
vengeance upon them; 'for,' says he, 'a good man prefers being
conquered, to taking revenge for injury done to him in a violent
manner'--intimating that the optimates ought to have borne the
injury done to them by the Gracchi, rather than avenge it with
murder and assassination.
[248] _Acerbius_; that is, _nimis acerbe_, or _acerbius quam par est_.
[249] _Omnis civitatis_ for _totius civitatis_, in opposition to the
patres. _Parem_; that is, _velim_, which is followed in the apodosis
by the same subjunctive present, or the future indicative. See Zumpt,
S 524, note 1. _Res_, the same as _materia_, _argumentum_, 'subject.'

43. Post Auli foedus exercitusque nostri foedam fugam, Metellus et
Silanus consules designati,[250] provincias inter se partiverant,
Metelloque Numidia evenerat, acri viro et quamquam adverso populi
partium,[251] fama tamen aequabili et inviolata. Is ubi primum
magistratum ingressus est, alia omnia sibi cum collega ratus, ad bellum,
quod gesturus erat, animum intendit.[252] Igitur diffidens veteri
exercitui, milites scribere, praesidia[253] undique accersere, arma,
tela, equos et cetera instrumenta militiae parare, ad hoc commeatum
affatim, denique omnia, quae in bello vario et multarum rerum egenti usui
esse solent. Ceteram ad ea patranda senatus auctoritate, socii nomenque
Latinum et reges ultro auxilia mittendo, postremo omnis civitas summo
studio adnitebatur. Itaque ex sententia omnibus rebus paratis
compositisque, in Numidiam proficiscitur, magna spe civium, quum propter
artes bonas, tum maxime, quod adversum divitias invictum animum gerebat,
et avaritia magistratuum ante id tempus in Numidia nostrae opes
contusae[254] hostiumque auctae erant.

[250] The consuls here mentioned entered upon their office on the 1st
of January, 109 B.C. The preparation for the campaign accordingly
belongs to the latter part of the year 110.
[251] 'An opponent of the popular party;' _adversus_ being used as a
substantive, in the sense of _adversarius_; as an adjective, it is
construed with the dative.
[252] _Cum collega_, a short expression for _conjuncta cum collega_,
'everything else he considered as common between himself and his
colleague, but to the Numidian war he alone directed his attention,
as though it were his own exclusive business.'
[253] _Praesidia_ is generally 'resources;' but here the same as
_auxilia_, 'auxiliary troops.'
[254] _Contusae_, from _contundere_, for _imminutae_, _debilitatae_,
_fractae_.

44. Sed ubi in Africam venit, exercitus ei traditur a Sp. Albino pro
consule iners, imbellis, neque periculi neque laboris patiens, lingua
quam manu promptior, praedator[255] ex sociis et ipse praeda hostium,
sine imperio et modestia habitus. Ita imperatori novo plus ex malis
moribus sollicitudinis quam ex copia militum auxilii aut spei bonae
accedebat. Statuit tamen Metellus, quamquam et aestivorum tempus[256]
comitiorum mora imminuerat, et expectatione eventus civium animos
intentos putabat, non prius bellum attingere quam majorum disciplina
milites laborare coegisset. Nam Albinus, Auli fratris exercitusque clade
perculsus, postquam decreverat non egredi provincia, quantum temporis
aestivorum in imperio fuit,[257] plerumque milites stativis castris
habebat, nisi quum odos[258] aut pabuli egestas locum mutare subegerat.
Sed neque muniebantur ea, neque more militari vigiliae deducebantur; uti
cuique libebat, ab signis aberat: lixae permixti cum militibus die
noctuque vagabantur; palantes agros vastare, villas expugnare, pecoris et
mancipiorum praedas certantes agere, eaque mutare cum mercatoribus[259]
vino advectitio et aliis talibus; praeterea frumentum publice datum
vendere, panem in dies mercari; postremo, quaecunque dici aut fingi
queunt ignaviae luxuriaeque probra, ea in illo exercitu cuncta fuere et
alia amplius.

[255] _Praedator_, belonging to _exercitus_, is the same as _praedas
agens_, 'carrying off booty.' See Zumpt, S 102, note 2.
[256] _Aestivorum tempus_ is the time suited for the campaign. To
_aestivorum_ supply _castrorum_, 'a summer-camp,' and 'a campaign
made in summer;' hence, also, 'a campaign' in general, inasmuch as
warlike operations were but rarely carried on in winter.
[257] _Albinus_, during a portion of the summer of the year 109 B. C.,
continued to command as proconsul, while the consul Metellus was
detained at Rome by the election of the consuls for the year
B. C. 108.
[258] _Odos_ for _odor_. See Zumpt, S 7.
[259] _Cum mercatoribus_, 'in intercourse with merchants.' The
merchandise, in return for which another commodity is given, is
expressed by the ablative. See Zumpt, S 456.

45. Sed in ea difficultate Metellum non minus quam in rebus hostilibus
magnum et sapientem virum fuisse comperior; tanta temperantia inter
ambitionem[260] saevitiamque moderatum: namque edicto primum adjumenta
ignaviae sustulisse, ne quisquam in castris panem aut quem alium coctum
cibum venderet, ne lixae exercitum sequerentur, ne miles gregarius in
castris neve in agmine servum aut jumentum haberet; ceteris arte modum
statuisse.[261] Praeterea transversis itineribus cotidie castra movere,
juxta ac si hostes adessent, vallo atque fossa munire, vigilias crebras
ponere et eas ipse cum legatis circumire, item in agmine in primis modo,
modo in postremis, saepe in medio adesse, ne quisquam ordine egrederetur,
uti cum signis frequentes incederent, miles cibum et arma portaret. Ita
prohibendo a delictis magis quam vindicando exercitum brevi confirmavit.

[260] _Ambitio_, 'courting favour;' hence here in the sense of
'indulgence,' 'connivance,' these being the ordinary means to obtain
the favour of the multitude.
[261] _Ceteris arte modum statuisse_ still depends upon _comperior_, 'I
learn (that is, we are informed) that for the rest (of the wants) he
fixed the measure in a close (niggardly) manner;' for _arte_ is the
adverb of _artus_, which is frequently, though not correctly, written
_arcte_. It must not be confounded with _arte_ from _ars_. Sallust
might have said, _ceteris (rebus) artum modum statuisse_.

46. Interea Jugurtha, ubi quae Metellus agebat ex nuntiis accepit, simul
de innocentia ejus certior Romae factus, diffidere suis rebus ac tum
demum veram deditionem facere conatus est. Igitur legatos ad consulem cum
suppliciis[262] mittit, qui tantummodo ipsi liberisque vitam peterent,
alia omnia dederent populo Romano. Sed Metello jam antea experimentis
cognitum erat genus Numidarum infidum, ingenio mobili, novarum rerum
avidum esse. Itaque legatos alium ab alio diversos aggreditur,[263] ac
paulatim temptando, postquam opportunos sibi cognovit, multa pollicendo
persuadet, uti Jugurtham maxime[264] vivum, sin id parum procedat,
necatum sibi traderent; ceterum palam, quae ex voluntate forent,[265]
regi nuntiari jubet. Deinde ipse paucis diebus intento atque infesto
exercitu in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena
hominum, pecora cultoresque in agris erant; ex oppidis et mapalibus
praefecti regis obvii procedebant, parati frumentum dare, commeatum
portare, postremo omnia, quae imperarentur, facere. Neque Metellus
idcirco minus, sed pariter ac si hostes adessent, munito agmine incedere,
late explorare omnia, illa deditionis signa ostentui credere et insidiis
locum temptari. Itaque ipse cum expeditis cohortibus, item funditorum et
sagittariorum delecta manu apud primos erat, in postremo G. Marius
legatus cum equitibus curabat, in utrumque latus auxiliarios equites
tribunis legionum et praefectis cohortium dispertiverat, ut cum his
permixti velites, quocunque accederent equitatus[266] hostium,
propulsarent. Nam in Jugurtha tantus dolus tantaque peritia locorum et
militiae erat, ut absens an praesens, pacem an bellum gerens perniciosior
esset, in incerto haberetur.

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